Guernsey Law Reports 2005-06 GLR Note 33
B. WICKENDEN, R. WICKENDEN, ROWLEY and LE PREVOST v. LAW OFFICERS OF THE CROWN
COURT OF APPEAL (Carey, Sumption and Smith, JJ.A.): December 12th, 2006
Criminal Law—drugs—importation
The appellants, whose activities had been observed in a Customs surveillance operation, pleaded guilty to being concerned in the fraudulent evasion of the prohibition on the importation of goods under the Customs and Excise (General Provisions) (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law 1972 on two counts: (i) the importation of 100.75g. of cocaine hydrochloride (Class A); and (ii) the importation of 19.59kg. of cannabis resin (Class B). L and RW had boarded a boat at St. Sampson’s harbour; upon its return, BW boarded it to collect two holdalls, which contained the drugs. BW then got into the getaway van, which R was driving. R was consequently convicted of two further offences, namely, (iii) acting in a way which impeded, or was calculated to impede, the seizure of a thing liable to forfeiture under s.5(b) of the 1972 Law; and (iv) driving in a manner dangerous to the public. Following the Richards guidelines, each appellant was sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment (from a starting point of 11 years, which was increased to 16 years as there were two drugs involved) in respect of count (i), with a concurrent sentence of 5 years’ imprisonment (starting point: 5 years) for count (ii). In addition, R received a consecutive term of 3 months’ imprisonment for count (iii), and a concurrent sentence of 1 month’s imprisonment, together with a disqualification from driving for 3 years, in respect of count (iv). All four appellants appealed against the starting points: the initial starting point of 11 years should have been 10 years, and the increase to 16 years was too great. R also appealed against the Royal Court’s decision to treat the appellants similarly for sentencing purposes, submitting that he had not been involved in financing the importation and that his role had merely been that of driver.
Held: (1) It was not necessary to say that the 11-year starting point for count (i) was wrong when the selection of a 10-year sentence was unobjectionable in the light of the double importation. According to the Richards guidelines, the court had to assess the appropriate starting point in respect of each drug and then determine a “total” starting point, which, taking into account the overall quantity and the greater extent of the criminal conduct when 2 drugs were involved, would result in a longer prison sentence in respect of the greater offence than otherwise would have been passed (with a concurrent sentence for the lesser offence). However, the addition of 5 years to the starting point was too much, and the total starting point would be reduced to 13 years. Allowing for guilty pleas and other mitigating factors, the appellants would each be sentenced to 8 years’ imprisonment in respect of count (i), with concurrent sentences for count (ii) (Richards v. Law Officers, C.A., Case Nos. 267, 270, 273, 275–277, April 18th, 2002, unreported, applied).
(2) In all the circumstances, it was not appropriate to draw distinctions between the appellants’ roles. R’s role as driver of the getaway vehicle was vital to the operation’s success. He had been aware that he was to transport drugs, and he had tried to outwit Customs officers in a car chase that had taken place. However, it was inequitable to single out R for more severe treatment on the basis of his dangerous driving; it would therefore be ordered that all R’s sentences should be served concurrently.
2009
Law Report
None
Guernsey Law Reports 2005-06 GLR Note 33